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Materials & corrosion engineering

Galvanic Corrosion Chart

Check two conductive materials against MIL-STD-889D compatibility classes, identify the anodic member, and inspect the underlying bare, treated, or bare-versus-treated reference matrix.

Basis
MIL-STD-889D
Environment
Immersed artificial seawater
Compatible
Class 0 only

Two-material lookup

Check Galvanic Compatibility

Exact matrix lookup from MIL-STD-889D Tables I–III; no voltage-difference approximation.

Select the source table that matches the material surface conditions, then choose both materials. A class of 0 is compatible under the standard’s stated test criterion; classes 1–6 are incompatible under that criterion.

Scope matters

MIL-STD-889D states that these classifications come from static immersed testing in ASTM D1141 artificial seawater without heavy metals, using a 1:1 exposed anode-to-cathode area ratio for the tabulated corrosion rates. Do not treat a class as a universal atmospheric, freshwater, chemical, buried, concrete, or natural-seawater rating.

MIL-STD-889D Tables I–III

Galvanic Compatibility Reference Matrices

The number in each populated cell is the standard’s corrosion-rate class for the anodic member of that couple.

Use the checker above for a fast pair result. Use these matrices to audit the exact source relationship. An em dash is not a zero; in Tables I and II it means reverse the row-column orientation.

Table I — Bare-material compatibility matrix

Scroll horizontally to view cathodic material columns and vertically to view anodic material rows. Numbered columns correspond to the numbered material rows.

MIL-STD-889D Table I: galvanic compatibility classes for the listed materials in a 1:1 anode-to-cathode area ratio under immersed artificial-seawater conditions. An em dash means use the opposite row-column orientation; it does not mean compatible.
Anodic materialCathodic material number
Mg EV31 Mg WE43 Mg AZ31B Zinc Zn-Ni Plated Al5083 Cadmium Al6061 CP Aluminum A356 1020 Steel Al7075 A36 Steel 1018 Steel 1008 Steel Al7050 B7 Steel MIL-11356 Steel 4340 Steel HY80 Steel Tin Al2024 Ti-6Al-4V Brass, Yellow Bronze NiAl, C630 CuBe CP Copper PH 13-8 304SS PH 15-5 304SS Passivated 410SS Inconel® 600 A286 Passivated PH 17-4 316SS 316SS Passivated Monel® 400 410SS Passivated A286 PH 17-4 Passivated PH 13-8 Passivated PH 15-5 Passivated Silver Graphite Platinum
1. Mg EV315666666656666666666665666666666666666666666666
2. Mg WE43666666656666666666665666666666666666666666666
3. Mg AZ31B56665556666666666665666666666666666666666666
4. Zinc5353435556636565544555556555555555555555366
5. Zn-Ni Plated353445555545555444555556455555555555454456
6. Al508332223455524343232444445354433454344343355
7. Cadmium4545555545555554555556555555555555555565
8. Al6061223455524343232444445354433454344343355
9. CP Aluminum23455524343232444445354433454344343355
10. A3563455524343232444444354433454344343354
11. 1020 Steel455534444333444445344433444344343354
12. Al707555545555454555555555545555555555455
13. A36 Steel5555555555555555555555555555555555
14. 1018 Steel545555454555555555555555555555555
15. 1008 Steel55555555555555555555555555555555
16. Al70504343232444445354433554344343355
17. B7 Steel444343444445444434454444444354
18. MIL-11356 Steel43333443344344433444334333354
19. 4340 Steel4333444444444434444344444354
20. HY80 Steel333444444344434444344444354
21. Tin31444442333322333233332355
22. Al20243444443354434454344443355
23. Ti-6Al-4V323231111111111111111222
24. Brass, Yellow44443333333333333333345
25. Bronze3333333333333333333334
26. NiAl, C630343333333333333333345
27. CuBe33333333333333333334
28. CP Copper3333333333333333334
29. PH 13-8000000000000000011
30. 304SS00000000000000001
31. PH 15-50000000000000011
32. 304SS Passivated000000000000011
33. 410SS00000000000001
34. Inconel® 6000000000000011
35. A286 Passivated000000000001
36. PH 17-400000000001
37. 316SS0000000001
38. 316SS Passivated000000001
39. Monel® 40000000011
40. 410SS Passivated0000001
41. A286000001
42. PH 17-4 Passivated00001
43. PH 13-8 Passivated0001
44. PH 15-5 Passivated000
45. Silver13
46. Graphite1
47. Platinum
Table II — Treated-material compatibility matrix
MIL-STD-889D Table II: galvanic compatibility classes for treated conductive materials in a 1:1 anode-to-cathode area ratio under immersed artificial-seawater conditions. An em dash means reverse the row-column orientation.
Anodic treated materialCathodic treated material
a Mg WE43 T*b Mg EV31 T*c Mg AZ31B T*d Al5083 Cr+6e Al6061 Cr+6f Al5083 Cr3+g Al7075 Cr6+h Al6061 Cr+3i Cadmium w CCj Al7075 Cr+3k Zn-Ni w CCl Al2024 Cr6+m Al2024 Cr3+n Electroless Ni
a. Mg WE43 T*5555655556556
b. Mg EV31 T*455655556556
c. Mg AZ31B T*54555546556
d. Al5083 Cr+62222222223
e. Al6061 Cr+6222222223
f. Al5083 Cr3+22222222
g. Al7075 Cr6+2222224
h. Al6061 Cr+3222233
i. Cadmium w CC12334
j. Al7075 Cr+32224
k. Zn-Ni w CC334
l. Al2024 Cr6+23
m. Al2024 Cr3+3
n. Electroless Ni
Table III — Bare-versus-treated compatibility matrix
MIL-STD-889D Table III: compatibility classes for listed bare materials (rows) versus treated materials (columns) in a 1:1 area ratio under immersed artificial-seawater conditions. Anode/cathode polarity is resolved from Table IV.
Bare materiala. Mg WE43 T*b. Mg EV31 T*c. Mg AZ31B T*d. Al5083 Cr+6e. Al6061 Cr+6f. Al5083 Cr3+g. Al7075 Cr6+h. Al6061 Cr+3i. Cadmium w CCj. Al7075 Cr+3k. Zn-Ni w CCl. Al2024 Cr6+m. Al2024 Cr3+n. Electroless Ni
1. Mg EV3155566666666666
2. Mg WE4355566666666666
3. Mg AZ31B55555655556556
4. Zinc55522233424335
5. Zn-Ni Plated66633333334445
6. Al508366522222212234
7. Cadmium66633333445555
8. Al606155422222212223
9. CP Aluminum55522222323334
10. A35655422222222223
11. 1020 Steel66633333433333
12. Al707566644444544445
13. A36 Steel66655555555555
14. 1018 Steel66655555555555
15. 1008 Steel66655555555555
16. Al705066522222222234
17. B7 Steel66644444544334
18. MIL-11356 Steel66633333433333
19. 4340 Steel66644444544334
20. HY80 Steel66633333434334
21. Tin66522222212112
22. Al202466633333433334
23. Ti-6Al-4V55522222212111
24. Brass, Yellow66644344544443
25. Bronze66644344544443
26. NiAl, C63066644344544443
27. CuBe66644344544443
28. CP Copper66644344545443
29. PH 13-866644234545222
30. 304SS66633233433332
31. PH 15-566654255555442
32. 304SS Passivated66644244545442
33. 410SS66644244545442
34. Inconel® 60066633233333322
35. A286 Passivated66633233434332
36. PH 17-466644244545432
37. 316SS66655255555542
38. 316SS Passivated66644244544432
39. Monel® 40066633233433222
40. 410SS Passivated66644244544332
41. A28666644244544432
42. PH 17-4 Passivated66633233434332
43. PH 13-8 Passivated66644244544332
44. PH 15-5 Passivated66633233434332
45. Silver66533233333332
46. Graphite66655255555552
47. Platinum66644244555443

The source table explicitly warns that these class numbers are not a hierarchy of overall application risk and are not a substitute for the protection level selected by the Cognizant Engineering Authority or appropriate design authority. Table I uses the source’s spelling and ordering, except “Platinum” is normalized to the spelling used in Tables IV and V.

How to Read the Galvanic Corrosion Chart

  1. Match the surface condition first. Use Table I for the standard’s bare-material matrix, Table II when both listed surfaces are treated, and Table III for a listed bare-versus-treated couple.
  2. Find the exact material designations. Do not substitute a nearby alloy, stainless grade, plating, or conversion coating when the requested designation is absent.
  3. Read the class, not just the distance in the galvanic series. Class 0 is compatible under the MIL-STD-889D test criterion. Any class above 0 is incompatible under that criterion.
  4. Confirm polarity. Tables I and II place the anode in the row and cathode in the column. Table III uses Table IV to determine which member is anodic.
  5. Carry the scope with the result. The test solution, exposed-area ratio, treatment state, and actual service environment can change field behavior.

What the Compatibility Classes Mean

The class is a band for the calculated corrosion rate of the anodic member under the standard’s test basis. It is not a general-purpose “low, medium, high” risk score.

MIL-STD-889D compatibility-class bands.
ClassPublished corrosion-rate bandStandard interpretation
0<0.009 mil/yearGalvanically compatible
10.01–0.09 mil/yearGalvanically incompatible
20.1–0.9 mil/yearGalvanically incompatible
31–4.99 mil/yearGalvanically incompatible
45–9.99 mil/yearGalvanically incompatible
510–99.99 mil/yearGalvanically incompatible
6>100 mil/yearGalvanically incompatible

Because the source publishes bands, the checker reports the band rather than inventing an exact corrosion rate.

Galvanic Series: Active vs Noble Materials

MIL-STD-889D Table IV orders selected material and surface states from more active/anodic toward more noble/cathodic in immersed ASTM D1141 artificial seawater without heavy metals. The checker uses this order to resolve polarity for Table III.

Do not use series separation to calculate compatibility. The standard says Table IV is for determining the anodic member, not for determining compatibility.

Ordered from more active/anodic at position 1 to more noble/cathodic at the bottom. The “Selected role” column is updated by the pair checker when JavaScript is available.
PositionMaterial / surface stateSelected role
1Magnesium WE-43 Tagnite
2Magnesium EV-31
3Magnesium EV-31 Tagnite
4Magnesium WE-43
5Magnesium AZ31-B Tagnite
6Magnesium AZ31-B
7Al5083 Cr+6
8Zinc
9Al6061 Cr+6
10Al5083 Cr+3
11Al7075 Cr+6
12Zn-Ni Plated
13Al6061 Cr+3
14Al5083
15Cadmium
16Al6061
17Cadmium w/ Conversion Coating
18Aluminum
19Al7075 Cr+3
20A356
211020 Steel
22Al7075
23Zn-Ni with Conversion Coating
24A36 Steel
251018 Steel
261008 Steel
27Al7050
28B7 Steel
29MIL-11356 Steel
304340 Steel
31HY80 Steel
32Tin
33Al2024
34Al2024 Cr+6
35Al2024 Cr+3
36Ti-6Al-4V
37Electroless Nickel
38Brass, Yellow
39Bronze
40NiAl Alloy C630
41CuBe
42Copper
43PH 13-8
44304SS
45PH 15-5
46Passivated 304SS
47410SS
48Inconel® 600
49Passivated A286
50PH 17-4
51316SS
52316SS Passivated
53Monel® 400
54410SS Passivated
55A286
56PH 17-4 Passivated
57PH 13-8 Passivated
58PH 15-5 Passivated
59Silver
60Graphite
61Platinum

Why Environment and Surface Condition Matter

A galvanic series is electrolyte-specific. MIL-STD-889D reports data generated under static immersion in artificial seawater prepared in accordance with ASTM D1141 without heavy metals. ASTM’s substitute-ocean-water practice is a laboratory solution, not a guarantee that natural seawater or another environment will produce the same corrosion rate.

Surface treatments also change electrochemical behavior. That is why the standard separates bare, treated, and bare-versus-treated pairings instead of treating “aluminum,” “stainless steel,” or “magnesium” as single universal entries.

Electrical path
The two conductive materials must be electrically connected for a galvanic couple to form.
Electrolyte path
A conductive liquid or moisture film must complete the electrochemical circuit.
Surface state
Passivation, conversion coatings, plating, and other treatments can shift polarization behavior.

Anode-to-Cathode Area Ratio

The tabulated compatibility data use a 1:1 exposed anode-to-cathode area ratio. Real assemblies often do not. A small anodic area connected to a much larger cathodic area can concentrate attack on the anode, while a relatively large anode coupled to a small cathode is generally more favorable.

Fastener example: MIL-STD-889D specifically gives stainless-steel bolts or screws fastening aluminum sheet as the favorable orientation compared with the reverse geometry, because stainless steel is cathodic to the aluminum and the cathode should be kept smaller than the anode where practical.

Do not scale the class number linearly with area ratio. The standard provides a separate engineering method for determining an allowable A/C ratio for incompatible couples, and the appropriate design authority still determines required protection.

Worked Galvanic-Corrosion Examples

Example 1 — 1020 steel with Inconel 600

Assumption: Use the Table I source conditions and a 1:1 exposed area ratio.

The Table I intersection gives Class 3, which corresponds to 1–4.99 mil/year for the anodic member. 1020 steel is the anodic member in this pairing.

Interpretation: Class 3 is incompatible under the standard. The result does not itself specify the protection system; the design authority must determine protection for the real environment and geometry.

Sanity check: Appendix C of MIL-STD-889D uses the same 1020 steel/Inconel 600 pair as an area-ratio example and identifies it as Class 3.

Example 2 — 304SS with 316SS

Assumption: Use the Table I source conditions for the listed material states.

The Table I intersection gives Class 0, corresponding to <0.009 mil/year under the MIL-STD-889D compatibility criterion.

Interpretation: This pair is compatible under that test criterion. It does not prove immunity from local corrosion, crevice corrosion, contamination, or behavior in another electrolyte.

Sanity check: The result stays in the source’s Class 0 band; no exact corrosion rate is inferred from the band.

Ways to Reduce Galvanic Corrosion

Choose a compatible couple

Where practical, start with a listed pair that meets the compatibility criterion for the relevant source scope rather than relying on protection to compensate for an incompatible couple.

Interrupt the electrical path

For joints that do not need electrical continuity, use appropriate insulating washers, sleeves, gaskets, films, or barriers so the metals are not electrically coupled.

Block the electrolyte

Seal faying edges and joints against liquid entry and use approved coatings, primers, sealants, or resin systems suitable for the service environment.

Control exposed area

Avoid a tiny anode connected to a large cathode. Fastener and sheet geometry can matter as much as the material names themselves.

Protective coating, finish, sealant, and isolation selections can have electrical, thermal, mechanical, maintenance, and environmental constraints. MIL-STD-889D assigns final protection decisions to the Cognizant Engineering Authority or appropriate design authority.

Engineering References and Dataset Scope

Primary data basis: MIL-STD-889D Tables I–IV; source status checked against DLA ASSIST on 15 August 2026.

The page reproduces and reorganizes the federal standard’s tabulated compatibility classes for engineering lookup. ASTM documents are cited for method/environment context only; their proprietary tables or figures are not reproduced.

Dataset and Source-Check Details

Publisher
Turn2Engineering
Primary standard
MIL-STD-889D
Current validation notice
Revision D Notice 1, 29 Apr 2026
Source checked
15 Aug 2026
Reference conditions
Static immersion; ASTM D1141 artificial seawater without heavy metals; 1:1 A/C for tabulated rates
Compatibility threshold
Class 0: <0.009 mil/year
Interpolation
None
Extrapolation
Prohibited for unlisted materials/surface states
Full CSV
Disabled pending a separate final publication-rights review for bulk export
Normalization
“Platinum” follows Tables IV/V spelling; Table I/III PDF display contains “Platnium”

Galvanic Corrosion Chart FAQ

There is no universal “never pair” list: the exact alloy or conductive material, surface treatment, electrolyte, exposed-area ratio, and service conditions matter, so use a source-matched compatibility table rather than a generic metal-family rule.

Use the Class as a Source-Bounded Lookup, Not a Universal Risk Score

The fastest workflow is to choose the correct MIL-STD-889D table for the surface conditions, look up the exact material pair, identify the anodic member, and then carry the environmental and area-ratio limitations into the design decision. If the material or treatment is not listed, do not substitute a “similar” row or infer a class from galvanic-series spacing.

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